Hi Long Thread Readers, Thanks for the tip GuitarFxr, and I went and read the 2.0 update and the original manual in the Europe Tascam site. Unfortunately, I still find it ambiguous: after the 1.10 update, it says effects can be added either to INPUT or PLAYBACK. It doesn't say whether "Monitoring" is the same as playback in this regard, and to be on the safe side, I'll assume it isn't. In other words, that the answer to my question is NO, that effects can't be monitored while recording without laying them down into the recorded track. I also noticed that there's a DR-100, that I hadn't seen before, with some new features (2 types of built-in mics, etc.). And in both the DR-1 and the DR-100, Audio Specs only give a S/N ratio for line in, a respectable 90db. Funny how they omit this for the built-in mics. I'll assume because it's terrible and it makes them feel embarrassed when they see it in print. :-) s.r.